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The ancient Egyptians grew plants in water

604-562 BC Hanging Gardens of Babylon located in what is now southern Iraq.

King Nebuchadrezzar 11 built a series of hanging and terraced gardens to cosole his wife and remind her of her undulating and lush homeland. The king built a series of terraces which were roofed with stone on which was laid various materials in layers. Reeds, bitumen and lead were used so that inorganic water could seep through the terraces. Water was pumped to the gardens from the River Euphrates.

Kashmir in India had floating gardens.

Aztecs in the fifteenth century had functioning hydroponic gardens in the form of rafts of branches covered with rotten vegetables. Crops thrived on these bases which floated on lakes.

Marco Polo recorded seeing floating gardens in China